Before I discuss the differences between scientific and administrative theories of management, I will like to remind importance of having a good management. Whatever theory or type of management an organization accepts, the management by planning, organizing, leading, and controlling build actual squads to attain the objectives of the organization and customer satisfaction.
During the Industrial Revolution machines were utilized to yield goods which lowered cost and improved quality of goods. Dissatisfaction of employees with working conditions and lack of skills to efficiently operate machines was noticed by managers. Managers started to find best possible ways for workers to perform and manage their tasks. This research resulted in development of Classical Management Theory.
Classical Management comprises of three theories i.e. Scientific, Administrative, and Bureaucratic. Today we will be discussing differences between the first two.
Scientific Theory
It is defined as the theory of management that examined and workflows, with the concern of refining labor output and economic efficiency.
Scientific management is actually concerned with knowing what you want your workers to do and then see that they do it effectively and efficiently.
Principles of Taylor
- Replacing rule of thumb with science.
- Harmony in the group.
- Cooperation.
- Maximum output.
- Development of workers.
Administrative Theory
The theory which was concerned principally with achieving the most rational organization for coordinating the various tasks specified within a complex division of labor.
Principles of Henry Fayol
Henry Fayol developed a set of 14 principles which are given below;
1. Division of Labor
Permits for job specialization. Fayol noticed that firms can have too much specialization leading to poor quality and worker involvement.
2. Authority and Responsibility
Fayol comprised both formal and informal authority resulting from special expertise.
3. Discipline
Submissive, practical, respectful employees needed.
4. Line Of Authority
A clear chain from top to bottom of the firm.
5. Centralization
The degree to which specialist rests at the very top.
6. Unity Of Direction
One plan of action to guide the organization.
7. Unity of Command
Employees should have only one boss.
8. Order
Each employee is put where they have the most value.
9. Initiative
Encourage innovation.
10. Equity
Treat all employees fairly in justice and respect.
11. Remuneration of Personnel
The payment system contributes to success of the organization.
12. Stability of Tenure
Long term employment is important.
13. General Interest Over Individual Interest
The organization takes precedence over the individual.
14. Esprit De Corps (Unity Is Strength)
Refers to agreement and mutual understanding among the members of an organization.
Scientific vs Administrative Theory of Management
| Administrative Theory | Scientific Theory |
|---|---|
| Fayol was concerned with management and human and behavioral factors in management. | Taylor was concerned with task time and improving worker efficiency. |
| Fayol believed in a more top-down perspective that was focused on educating management on improving processes first then moving to workers. He believed that by focusing on managerial practices organizations could minimize misunderstandings and increase efficiency. | Taylor viewed management improvements as happening from bottom up or starting with the most basic units of activity and making individual workers more efficient. |
| Fayol went one step ahead, along with the scientific base; he insisted the need for management training. | Taylor gave a scientific base to management. |
| Fayol gave importance to the activities like planning and controlling. | Taylor laid emphasis on the work study and time study of workers. |
November 20, 2018