Open System Interconnection Reference Model / OSI Model

When data is communicated we first find a way to send it, the data is then sent through medium and reaches its destination. For sending the data we should make sure that the mean we are using to send the data should be secure and reliable for example Encryption; encryption is that when we use encryption it shows security and reliability of our data.

Steps of OSI Model

There are Seven Steps of OSI Model;

  1. Application Layer.
  2. Presentation Layer.
  3. Transport layer.
  4. Network layer.
  5. Data link layer.
  6. Physical layer.

But after becoming Open system Interconnection reference model these steps shrink into four steps;

  1. Application Layer.
  2. Transport layer.
  3. Network layer.
  4. Physical Layer.

Application Layer

Application layer is used to view an application. In this step only data is viewed.

Presentation Layer

In presentation layer the encryption or description of data will occur.

Session Layer

The time frame for which the machine is active. Session layer find out the destination first. Session layer also find out for what time frame communication is allowed for. And session layer also identifies that either the acknowledgement is sent or not.

Transport Layer

During the medium if any error occurred that is checked or identified by the transport layer. Sequence of the packets of the data is maintained by the transport layer.

Network Layer

Network Layer do the code assessment at port. Network layer also do end to end delivery.

Data Link Layer

If Data is bigger than a packet it is than a packet it is then converted into frame.

Physical Layer

Physical layer converts the discrete data into analog form.

Protocol

Protocol is the set of rules and regulations which allows communication across the internet and network.

TCP: TCP is to send packet into cyber space.

IP: IP is to identify the location that where to send.

Client request the server that it has the high computational power that’s why the client request the server. Client is the seeker. Server is the giver through server we communicate with the third party.

Ethernet, Token ring and frame are the protocols used by the physical layer.

IP, which connects at the logical address with in the packets which is also called as data gram is used as protocol by the network layer. ARP is also a protocol used by the network layer which translates the IP which is the logical address into physical address.

UDP is a protocol used by the transport layer it divides the message into packets and assigned the port address and acknowledgement mechanism. It is also used to send data.

HTTP is a protocol used by the Application layer that translates webpages from client to a server. SMTP is also used as protocol by the Application layer that is used to translate the mails from client to server.

management information system

December 17, 2018